THE 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to three scientists for the discovery of the Hepatitis C virus.

Two Americans, Harvey J. Alter and Charles M. Rice, and a Brit, Michael Houghton, were jointly awarded the prize for making “seminal discoveries that led to the identification of a novel virus”, according to the prize committee.

The discovery of Hepatitis C virus made possible blood tests and new medicines that have saved millions of lives by tackling a major global health problem that causes cirrhosis and liver cancer in people around the world.

The committee said the “methodical studies of transfusion-associated hepatitis by Harvey J. Alter demonstrated that an unknown virus was a common cause of chronic hepatitis”.

READ MORE: Circuit-breaker lockdown could 'buy Scotland time' in Covid pandemic

Michael Houghton “used an untested strategy to isolate the genome of the new virus that was named Hepatitis C virus”.

Finally, Charles M. Rice “provided the final evidence showing that Hepatitis C virus alone could cause hepatitis”.

Thanks to their discovery, highly sensitive blood tests for the virus are now available and these have essentially eliminated post-transfusion hepatitis in many parts of the world, greatly improving global health.

Their discovery also allowed the rapid development of antiviral drugs directed at Hepatitis C and led to a cure for the disease.

The cure has raised hopes of eradicating Hepatitis C virus from the world population.